Due to an increase in the number of children affected by HIV and AIDS in Kenya, efforts to provide services for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) have expanded quickly in recent years, with a focus on high coverage and outputs but insufficient attention paid to outcomes. Lately, stakeholders have realized more attention should be given to outcomes and service quality. To address this, standards for services for vulnerable children in Kenya were first drafted at a five-day workshop held in November 2009, and further sessions in 2010 led to the development of the first complete draft of national OVC service standards. USAID and the Government of Kenya then implemented the standards on a pilot basis in four districts.